An anonymous cybersecurity researcher who disclosed three Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities has returned with two more zero-days involving a BitLocker bypass and a privilege escalation impacting Windows Collaborative Translation Framework (CTFMON). The security defects have been codenamed YellowKey and GreenPlasma, respectively, by the researcher, who goes by the online aliases Chaotic Eclipse
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An 18-year-old flaw in the NGINX open-source web server, discovered using an autonomous scanning system, can be exploited for denial of service and, under certain conditions, remote code execution. [...]
Presently sponsored by: Report URI: Guarding you from rogue JavaScript! Don’t get pwned; get real-time alerts & prevent breaches #SecureYourSite Today, we welcome the 44th government onboarded to Have I Been Pwned’s free gov service: The Bahamas. The National Computer Incident Response Team of The Bahamas, CIRT-BS, now has access to monitor government domains against the data in HIBP. As the national CIRT, CIRT-BS is responsible for coordinating and supporting cybersecurity-related matters across the country, and this access will help them prevent, identify, and mitigate incidents involving compromised credentials and data exposure affecting government entities and critical stakeholders. This is precisely the sort of use case the HIBP government service was designed for: giving national cybersecurity teams the ability to identify exposure across their own digital ecosystem, respond quickly when government acco
We investigate how a coordinated supply chain campaign that compromised npm and PyPI packages also backdoored the official Cemu Nintendo Wii U emulator GitHub release, reaching nearly 20,000 Linux users.
Linux distros are rolling out patches for a new high-severity kernel privilege escalation vulnerability (known as Fragnasia and tracked as CVE-2026-46300) that allows attackers to run malicious code as root. [...]
Latest
Thursday, May 14
An 18-year-old flaw in the NGINX open-source web server, discovered using an autonomous scanning system, can be exploited for denial of service and, under certain conditions, remote code execution. [...]
Cargo theft now starts with phishing emails and stolen credentials, not hijackings, to reroute and steal freight from supply chains. NMFTA outlines how cyber-enabled cargo crime is changing transportation security. [...]
The Belarus-aligned threat group known as Ghostwriter has been attributed to a fresh set of attacks targeting governmental organizations in Ukraine. Active since at least 2016, Ghostwriter has been linked to both cyber espionage and influence operations targeting neighboring countries, particularly Ukraine. It's also tracked under the monikers FrostyNeighbor, PUSHCHA, Storm-0257, TA445, UAC‑0057
At Cloudflare, we are heavy users of ClickHouse, an open-source analytical database management system. We redesigned one of our largest ClickHouse tables to add a column to the partitioning key. The change enabled per-tenant retention on a table that serves hundreds of internal teams. The design went through several rounds of revision and review with engineers across multiple teams before we landed on the final approach. But a few weeks after rollout, the jobs that produce most of Cloudflare's bills were running up against their hard daily deadline. All the usual suspects looked clean: I/O, memory, rows scanned, parts read. Everything we would normally check when a ClickHouse query is slow appeared to be normal. The problem turned out to be lock contention in query planning, something we'd never had reason to look for before. This is the story of how this migration exposed a hidden bottleneck in ClickHouse's internals, and the patches we wrote to fix it. The setup: a petabyte-scale analytics platform We use ClickHouse to store over a hundred petabytes of data across a few dozen clusters. To simplify onboarding for our many internal teams, we built a system called "Ready-Analytics" in early 2022. The premise is simple: instead of designing new tables, teams can stream data into a single, massive table. Datasets are disambiguated by a namespace , and each record uses a standard schema (e.g., 20 float fields, 20 string fields, a timestamp, and an indexID ). In ClickHouse, the way data is sorted is crucial to query performance. This is where the indexID comes into play. It’s a string field, which forms part of the primary key, meaning that every individual namespace can have its data sorted in a way that is optimal for the queries the owners of that namespace expect to be runn
Initial access broker KongTuke has moved to Microsoft Teams for social engineering attacks, taking as little as five minutes to gain persistent access to corporate networks. [...]
Threat actors have been observed attempting to exploit a recently disclosed security vulnerability in PraisonAI, an open-source multi-agent orchestration framework, within four hours of public disclosure. The vulnerability in question is CVE-2026-44338 (CVSS score: 7.3), a case of missing authentication that exposes sensitive endpoints to anyone, potentially allowing an attacker to invoke the
AI hallucinations are introducing serious security risks into critical infrastructure decision-making by exploiting human trust through highly confident yet incorrect outputs. When an AI model lacks certainty, it doesn’t have a mechanism to recognize that. Instead, it generates the most probable response based on patterns in its training data, even if that response is inaccurate. These outputs
Dell confirmed that its SupportAssist software is causing blue-screen crashes on some Windows systems following a wave of user reports about random reboots affecting Dell devices since Friday. [...]
A bustling underground ecosystem is providing criminals with the tools to unlock iPhones—and wage phishing attacks against their contacts to access bank accounts and more.
An anonymous cybersecurity researcher who disclosed three Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities has returned with two more zero-days involving a BitLocker bypass and a privilege escalation impacting Windows Collaborative Translation Framework (CTFMON). The security defects have been codenamed YellowKey and GreenPlasma, respectively, by the researcher, who goes by the online aliases Chaotic Eclipse
The alleged main administrator of Dream Market Incognito Market, one of the largest dark web marketplaces before its shutdown, has been indicted in the United States on money laundering charges. [...]
Linux distros are rolling out patches for a new high-severity kernel privilege escalation vulnerability (known as Fragnasia and tracked as CVE-2026-46300) that allows attackers to run malicious code as root. [...]
Presently sponsored by: Report URI: Guarding you from rogue JavaScript! Don’t get pwned; get real-time alerts & prevent breaches #SecureYourSite Today, we welcome the 44th government onboarded to Have I Been Pwned’s free gov service: The Bahamas. The National Computer Incident Response Team of The Bahamas, CIRT-BS, now has access to monitor government domains against the data in HIBP. As the national CIRT, CIRT-BS is responsible for coordinating and supporting cybersecurity-related matters across the country, and this access will help them prevent, identify, and mitigate incidents involving compromised credentials and data exposure affecting government entities and critical stakeholders. This is precisely the sort of use case the HIBP government service was designed for: giving national cybersecurity teams the ability to identify exposure across their own digital ecosystem, respond quickly when government acco
We investigate how a coordinated supply chain campaign that compromised npm and PyPI packages also backdoored the official Cemu Nintendo Wii U emulator GitHub release, reaching nearly 20,000 Linux users.
Wednesday, May 13
West Pharmaceutical Services disclosed that it was the target of a cyberattack that resulted in data exfiltration and system encryption. [...]
The Iran-linked hacking group MuddyWater (a.k.a. Seedworm, Static Kitten) launched a broad cyber-espionage campaign targeting at least nine high-profile organizations across multiple sectors and countries. [...]
A critical vulnerability affecting certain configurations of the Exim open-source mail transfer agent could be exploited by an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code. [...]
Autonomous drones and ground vehicles will stream “battlefield intelligence” over 5G along the US-Canada border in a bilateral DHS experiment this fall.
TL;DR: Single-page applications ship their entire frontend codebase to every visitor, including unauthenticated ones. Even a login page with no visible functionality delivers JavaScript bundles containing route definitions, API endpoint URLs, authentication logic, data models, and sometimes hardcoded secrets. As part of Guard’s continuous penetration testing, we use AI-assisted tooling to extract this information and fuzz the backend APIs it reveals, finding IDORs, unauthenticated endpoints, and exposed backend services that bypass API Gateway authentication. On the automation side, Guard crawls every external web application across a customer’s attack surface, runs Titus to detect and validate embedded secrets, and we are currently building a system named Cato for automated triage of these findings using artificial intelligence at scale. A few weeks ago I was working through a list of web applications on a client’s attack surface as part of Guard’s continuous penetration testing. One of them loaded a login page. No sign-up link. No documentation. No visible functionality beyond a username field, a password field, and a submit button. A traditional scanner would poke at the login form, try some default credentials, and move on. I didn’t move on. That login page was a single-page application, and the browser had just downloaded the entire frontend codebase to render it. I opened DevTools, pulled the webpack bundle, and pointed Claude Code at it. Within a few minutes it had mapped out route definitions for every page in the application, extracted API endpoint URLs for multiple backend services, identified the authentication logic including token handling and refresh flows, and surfaced data models that described what the application stores and processes. The login page presented itself as a dead end. The JavaScript bundl
Microsoft has fixed a Windows Autopatch bug that caused driver updates restricted by administrative policies to be deployed on some Autopatch-managed Windows devices in the European Union. [...]
The company says its new Incognito Chat allows you to use its AI chatbot without anyone else—including Meta—being able to access your conversations.
A threat actor with affiliations to China has been linked to a "multi-wave intrusion" targeting an unnamed Azerbaijani oil and gas company between late December 2025 and late February 2026, marking an expansion of its targeting. The activity has been attributed by Bitdefender with moderate-to-high confidence to a hacking group known as FamousSparrow (aka UAT-9244), which shares some level of
We’ve enabled higher usage limits, faster performance, and better reliability for Browser Run by rebuilding on top of Cloudflare’s Containers . You can now spin up 60 browsers per minute via the Workers binding and run up to 120 concurrently — 4x the previous limit. Also, Quick Action response times dropped more than 50%. You don't need to change anything: these improvements are live today. On top of that, we’re shipping fixes and new features faster than before. Read on to learn how we did it and see the data. Remind me: what is Browser Run? Browser Run enables developers to programmatically control and interact with headless browser instances running on Cloudflare’s global network. That’s useful for end-to-end testing of web applications, securely investigating suspicious URLs, and leveraging how browsers can easily render PDF documents, amongst other quick actions like capturing screenshots and extracting content. More recently, it’s become a critical enabler of AI agents to interact with the web. We’re building Browser Run to be the go-to platform to responsibly utilize automated browsers securely at massive scale. Outgrowing our bunk bed Before adopting Cloudflare Containers, we shared infrastructure with Browser Isolation (BISO). While technically similar, BISO’s larger container images slowed startup and development. Crucially, BISO browsers lacked optimal global distribution, compromising resiliency and latency. Addi
Foxconn, the world's largest electronics manufacturer, says some of its North American factories are now working to resume normal operations after a cyberattack. [...]
Attackers can compromise systems in minutes while patching and response still take hours or days. Picus Security breaks down why autonomous validation is becoming critical for modern defense strategies. [...]
Security teams have never had better visibility into their environments and never been worse at confirming what they fix stays fixed. Mandiant's M-Trends 2026 report puts the mean time to exploit at an estimated negative seven days. The Verizon 2025 DBIR puts median time to remediate edge device vulnerabilities at 32 days. These numbers have understandably driven the industry toward a clear
Microsoft on Tuesday released patches for 138 security vulnerabilities spanning its product portfolio, although none of them have been listed as publicly known or under active attack. Of the 138 flaws, 30 are rated Critical, 104 are rated Important, three are rated Moderate, and one is rated Low in severity. As many as 61 vulnerabilities are classified as privilege escalation bugs, followed by
Cybersecurity researchers are calling attention to a new campaign dubbed GemStuffer that has targeted the RubyGems repository with more than 150 gems that use the registry as a data exfiltration channel rather than for malware distribution. "The packages do not appear designed for mass developer compromise," Socket said. "Many have little or no download activity, and the payloads are repetitive,
We recently published an exploit chain for the Google Pixel 9 that demonstrated it was possible to go from a zero-click context to root on Android in just two exploits. The Dolby 0-click vulnerability existed across all of Android, until it was patched in January 2026. While we had an exploit chain for the Pixel 9, we wanted to see if it was possible to write a similar exploit chain for Pixel 10. Updating the Dolby Exploit Altering our exploit for CVE-2025-54957 was fairly straightforward. The majority of needed changes involved updating offsets calculated for the specific version of the library we targeted on the Pixel 9 to similar offsets in the library for Pixel 10. The only challenge (outside of wishing we’d better documented which syncframes contained offsets) was that the Pixel 10 uses RET PAC in the place of -fstack-protector, which meant that __stack_chk_fail wasn’t available to be overwritten by code. After a bit of trial and error, we used dap_cpdp_init, initialization code that can be overwritten without causing functional problems, as it is called once when the decoder is initialized and never again.
Google on Tuesday unveiled a new opt-in Android feature called Intrusion Logging for storing forensic logs to better analyze sophisticated spyware attacks. Intrusion Logging, available as part of Advanced Protection Mode, enables "persistent and privacy-preserving forensics logging to allow for investigation of devices in the event of a suspected compromise," the company said. The feature, it
A static analysis of the open-sourced Shai-Hulud offensive framework attributed to TeamPCP, covering its credential harvesting, supply chain poisoning, and exfiltration capabilities.
Tuesday, May 12
Artificial intelligence platforms may be just as susceptible to social engineering as human beings, but they are proving remarkably good at finding security vulnerabilities in human-made computer code. That reality is on full display this month with some of the more widely-used software makers — including Apple , Google , Microsoft , Mozilla and Oracle — fixing near record volumes of security bugs, and/or quickening the tempo of their patch releases. As it does on the second Tuesday of every month, Microsoft today released software updates to address at least 118 security vulnerabilities in its various Windows operating systems and other products. Remarkably, this is the first Patch Tuesday in nearly two years that Microsoft is not shipping any fixes to deal with emergency zero-day flaws that are already being exploited. Nor have any of the flaws fixed today been previously disclosed (potentially giving attackers a heads up in how to exploit the weakness). Sixteen of the vulnerabilities earned Microsoft’s most-dire “critical” label, meaning malware or miscreants could abuse these bugs to seize remote control over a vulnerable Windows device with little or no help from the user. Rapid7 has done much of the heavy lifting in identifying some of the more concerning critical weaknesses this month, including: CVE-2026-41089 : A critical stack-based buffer overflow in Windows Netlogon that offers an attacker SYSTEM privileges on the domain controller. No privileges or user interaction are required, and attack complexity is low. Patches are available for all versions of Windows Server from 2012 onwards.
In the US, fired and laid-off workers often have their digital credentials deactivated before they learn about the loss of their jobs; indeed, the inability to log in to a corporate system may be the first an employee knows of the situation. Although not a generous or humane approach to staff reduction, it does follow from the simple fact that a fired employee with access to company systems is a security risk. Just ask the Akhter twin brothers, accused of wiping out 96 databases hosting US government information in the minutes after both were fired last year from their shared employer. Read full article Comments ]]>
Iran’s traditional naval fleet has been almost completely destroyed by US-Israeli raids. But Iran’s military has put a fleet of small vessels on the water that is crippling every passageway.
RubyGems, the standard package manager for the Ruby programming language, has temporarily paused account sign ups following what has been described as a "major malicious attack." "We're dealing with a major malicious attack on RubyGems right now," Maciej Mensfeld, senior product manager for software supply chain security at Mend.io, said in a post on X. "Signups are paused for the time being.
CUBIC, standardized in RFC 9438 , is the default congestion controller in Linux, and as a result governs how most TCP and QUIC connections on the public Internet probe for available bandwidth, back off when they detect loss, and recover afterward. At Cloudflare, our open-source implementation of QUIC, quiche , uses CUBIC as its default congestion controller, meaning this code is in the critical path for a significant share of the traffic we serve. In this post, we’ll tell the story of a bug in which CUBIC's congestion window (cwnd) gets permanently pinned at its minimum and never recovers from a congestion collapse event. The story starts with a Linux kernel change aimed at bringing CUBIC into line with the app-limited exclusion described in RFC 9438 §4.2-12 — a fix to a real problem in TCP that, when ported to our QUIC implementation, surfaced unexpected behaviors in quiche. It has a happy ending: an elegant (near-)one-line fix that broke the cycle. CUBIC's logic in a nutshell Before we dive into the core problem, a quick refresher on Congestion Control Algorithms (CCAs) may help to set the stage. The central knob a CCA turns is the congestion window ( cwnd ): the sender-side cap on how many bytes can be in flight (sent but not yet acknowledged) at any moment. A larger cwnd lets the sender push more data per round trip; a smaller cwnd throttles it. Every loss-based CCA, CUBIC included, is ultimately a policy for how to grow cwnd when the network looks healthy and how to sh
Cybersecurity researchers have flagged a new version of the TrickMo Android banking trojan that uses The Open Network (TON) for command-and-control (C2). The new variant, observed by ThreatFabric between January and February 2026, has been observed actively targeting banking and cryptocurrency wallet users in France, Italy, and Austria. "TrickMo relies on a runtime-loaded APK (dex.module),
Go’s native fuzzing is useful, but it stands far behind state-of-the-art tooling that the Rust, C, and C++ ecosystems offer with LibAFL and AFL++. Path constraints are hard to solve. Structured inputs usually need handmade parsing. It doesn’t even detect several common bug classes, such as integer overflows, goroutine leaks, data races, and execution timeouts. So to make it better, we built gosentry , a fuzzing-oriented fork of the Go toolchain that keeps the standard testing.F workflow while using a stronger fuzzing stack underneath to tackle those issues. With gosentry, go test -fuzz uses LibAFL by default. It can fuzz structs natively, run grammar-based fuzzing with Nautilus, detect bug classes that it couldn’t detect before, and create a fuzzing campaign coverage report in one command. If you already have Go fuzz harnesses, you don’t need to rewrite them. Point them at gosentry’s binary and you get all of the above through the same go test -fuzz interface, with a few new flags: ./bin/go test -fuzz = FuzzHarness --focus-on-new-code = false --catch-races = true --catch-leaks = true Figure 1: Basic gosentry usage gosentry keeps the harness API and changes the engine and the surrounding tooling — you
Agentic AI is already running in production environments across many organizations today. It is executing tasks, consuming data, and taking actions — most likely without meaningful involvement from the security team. The industry conversation has largely framed this as a question of policy: allow it, restrict it, or monitor it? However, that framing misses the point. The more urgent
AI Will Absorb 99.98% of SOC Triage Within a Year, as 79% of IT teams brace for AI-driven workload shift
COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, 12 May 2026 — Heimdal’s managed SOC processes three million alerts a month. In the year ahead, fewer than 500 of those, less than 0.02%, are expected to need a human analyst. That’s the forecast from Heimdal founder Morten Kjaersgaard, based on the trajectory of AI Wingman SOC as it absorbs the bulk […] The post AI Will Absorb 99.98% of SOC Triage Within a Year, as 79% of IT teams brace for AI-driven workload shift appeared first on Heimdal Security Blog .
American educational technology company Instructure, the parent company of Canvas, said it reached an "agreement" with a decentralized cybercrime extortion group after it breached its network and threatened to leak stolen information from thousands of schools and universities. In an update shared on Monday, the Utah-based firm said it "reached an agreement with the unauthorized actor involved in
Monday, May 11
Key Takeaways Sara Pentest and Sara Pentest+ Are Now Generally Available Since releasing Sara Pentest as general availability earlier this month, we’ve also shipped a set of platform updates that make it easier to scope, launch, and act on Sara findings at scale. This post walks through what’s new with the Synack PTaaS platform, and […] The post What’s New with Sara Pentest: Closing the Coverage Gap, One Test at a Time appeared first on Synack .
Overview Casdoor contains an arbitrary file write vulnerability in the implementation of its "Local File System" storage provider. Due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied paths, an authenticated user with file upload permissions can escape the intended storage directory and write files elsewhere on the target filesystem. The vulnerability allows attackers to bypass Casdoor’s storage sandbox and perform unauthorized actions with the privileges of the Casdoor runtime user. Description Casdoor is an open-source identity and access management (IAM) platform and Model Context Protocol (MCP) gateway that provides authentication, single sign-on, and multi-protocol identity services for applications. Internally, it uses its Local File System storage provider to save files to a dedicated $CASDOOR/files/ directory. During a file upload via the /api/upload-resource endpoint, the Casdoor application determines the target storage filepath by concatenating the user-supplied parameters pathPrefix and fullFilePath . However, values provided for pathPrefix are not properly sanitized, so directory traversal sequences such as ../../ are accepted without any integrity or permission checks beyond those of the OS user running the Casdoor process. The application does not verify that the destination filepath remains inside the dedicated storage directory, and it will create or overwrite any file that the Casdoor process has permission to modify. CVE-2026-6815 An arbitrary file write vulnerability exists in Casdoor's Local File System storage provider. Due to insufficient path sanitization, an authenticated attacker with file upload privileges can perform a path tra
The EtherRAT malware family was first reported by Sysdig back in December 2025. At that time, the initial access vector was exploitation of CVE-2025-55182 (React2Shell) targeting Linux servers. In March 2026, a Windows variant campaign was reported by Atos, with their investigation showing evidence of activity going back to the previous December. In April, we […] The post Flash Alert: EtherRat and TukTuk C2 End in The Gentleman Ransomware appeared first on The DFIR Report .
Health service has given US tech firm ‘unlimited access’ to certain data to build integrated platform, according to reports UK politics live – latest updates MPs have warned that an NHS decision to grant Palantir access to identifiable patient information in its plan to use AI to improve the health service is “dangerous” and will fuel public fears that data privacy is not being prioritised. NHS England has allowed staff from the US tech firm and other contractors to access patient data before it has been pseudonymised, despite internal fears of a “risk of loss of public confidence”, the Financial Times reported. Continue reading...
I’m happy to announce that we are releasing the beta version of RAPTR, a fully open source, API driven collaboration platform built specifically for red and purple team engagements. Check out the code on GitHub , read the docs , or try out the latest build at our sandbox . Why I built it Up until recently, our team relied on PurpleOps for our Purple Team engagements . It’s a solid tool and served as a good starting point for us. Eventually, we needed more out of it, so we maintained our own custom f
Learn how malicious Claude Code skills can abuse dynamic context commands to execute before model-level prompt injection defenses can intervene.
Sunday, May 10
Presently sponsored by: Report URI: Guarding you from rogue JavaScript! Don’t get pwned; get real-time alerts & prevent breaches #SecureYourSite Well, it's the day before the Instructure "pay or leak" deadline (at least by my Aussie watch), and the company remains removed from the ShinyHunters website. In its place sits a press statement that amounts to "we're not making any statements". So did they pay? And if so, what lofty figure would an incident of this scale command? The lawsuits are already being prepared (search for "instructure class action lawsuit"), so perhaps that will be the catalyst for transparency. What a crazy time.
Saturday, May 9
Plus: Meta officially kills encrypted Instagram DMs, the Trump administration targets “violent left wing extremists,” leaked documents reveal Russia's school for elite hackers, and more.
Friday, May 8
With the launch of the first 16 satellites, Russia begins construction of a network for satellite internet that aims to cover the entire country by 2030. But getting there won’t be easy.
Thousands of schools around the US were paralyzed on Thursday after education tech firm Instructure shut down access to its Canvas platform following a breach by hackers going by the name ShinyHunters.
An ongoing data extortion attack targeting the widely-used education technology platform Canvas disrupted classes and coursework at school districts and universities across the United States today, after a cybercrime group defaced the service’s login page with a ransom demand that threatened to leak data from 275 million students and faculty across nearly 9,000 educational institutions. A screenshot shared by a reader showing the extortion message that was shown on the Canvas login page today. Canvas parent firm Instructure responded to today’s defacement attacks by disabling the platform, which is used by thousands of schools, universities and businesses to manage coursework and assignments, and to communicate with students. Instructure acknowledged a data breach earlier this week, after the cybercrime group ShinyHunters claimed responsibility and said they would leak data on tens of millions of students and faculty unless paid a ransom. The stated deadline for payment was initially set at May 6, but it was later pushed back to May 12. In a statement on May 6, Instructure said the investigation so far shows the stolen information includes “certain identifying information of users at affected institutions, such as names, email addresses, and student ID numbers, as well as as messages among users.” The company said it found no evidence the breached data included more sensitive information, such as passwo
A look at how to secure Kubernetes secrets
Thursday, May 7
Chrome users were caught off guard by a 4-GB Google AI model baked into Chrome, sparking privacy concerns. The good news: You can easily uninstall it. The bad? You might not want to.
This afternoon, we sent the following email to our global team. One of our core values at Cloudflare is transparency, and we believe it's important that you hear this directly from us because it’s a major moment at Cloudflare. Team: We are writing to let you know directly that we’ve made the decision to reduce Cloudflare’s workforce by more than 1,100 employees globally. The way we work at Cloudflare has fundamentally changed. We don’t just build and sell AI tools and platforms. We are our own most demanding customer. Cloudflare’s usage of AI has increased by more than 600% in the last three months alone. Employees across the company from engineering to HR to finance to marketing run thousands of AI agent sessions each day to get their work done. That means we have to be intentional in how we architect our company for the agentic AI era in order to supercharge the value we deliver to our customers and to honor our mission to help build a better Internet for everyone, everywhere. Today is a hard day. This decision unfortunately means saying goodbye to teammates who have contributed meaningfully to our mission and to building Cloudflare into one of the world’s most successful companies. We want to be clear that this decision is not a reflection of the individual work or talent of those leaving us. Instead, we are reimagining every internal process, team, and role across the company. Today’s actions are not a cost-cutting exercise or an assessment of individuals’ performance; they are about Cloudflare defining how a world-class, high-growth company operates and creates value in the agentic AI era. This is a moment we need to own as founders and leaders of the company. Matthew has personally sent out every offer letter we've extended. It is a practice he has always looked forward to because it represented our growth and the incredible talent joining our mission. It didn’t feel rig